About DukeEngage Tucson 2010

Immigration is perhaps the single largest domestic challenge facing both the United States and Mexico today. People die nearly every week attempting to cross the border. Hostilities against immigrants in the U.S. rise daily. Local, state, and international relations are increasingly strained.

For eight weeks this summer, seven students have been given the opportunity to travel to Tucson, Arizona and Nogales, Mexico to study the many faces of immigration. Following two weeks of meetings with local activists, a Border Patrol agent, a federal public defender, lawyers, members of the Tohono O’odham Nation, maquiladora owners, Grupos Beta employees, migrants, and local farmers, we will spend six weeks partnered with Southside Day Labor Camp, BorderLinks, or Humane Borders in order to further immerse ourselves in the issues of immigration.

This blog chronicles our experiences and our perspectives on what we learn while here in Arizona. We hope our stories are interesting and informative.


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Monday, June 14, 2010

US Immigration History: 1900-1939

1900: 2,000 Asian Indian Americans arrived

- 1907: 1.3 million immigrants arrived, 20% from Italy

- 1910-1930: Black migration increased to 58,000, the majority from Haiti

- 1913: California Alien Land Law

o Prohibited corporations that were composed of more than 50% aliens ineligible for citizenship as well as all aliens ineligible for citizenship from owning agricultural land in California

- 1914-1918: Immigration controls eased due to labor shortage during WWI

- 1917:

o Alien Land Law in Arizona

o Immigration Act of 1917

§ Required literacy as a condition to be admitted into the US

§ An attempt to exclude potential immigrants who were viewed as racially inferior to the race founders of the founders of the US

- 1920s: US immigration policy allowed immigrants to enter in numbers that were proportionate to the representation of their native country in the US during the 1900s

- 1920: California Alien Land Law

o Prohibited first-generation Japanese Americans from buying land in the name of their US-born children

o Prohibited the transfer of land to noncitizens by sale or lease and established criminal penalties for aliens caught trying to bypass the 1913 land law

- 1921:

o Alien Land Law in Washington, Louisiana, Texas

o Immigration Act of 1921

§ Created a quota system for legal immigration

§ Favored northern and western European countries

§ Ended the idea of the US as a melting pot

- 1920-1933: Prohibition encouraged smuggling from Mexico to US

- 1922

o Alien Land Law in New Mexico

o Cable Act

§ Revoked the right of immigrant women to assume citizen status by marrying American citizens

- 1923: Alien Land Law in Oregon, Idaho and Montana

- 1924:

o Border Patrol founded

o National Origins Act / Immigration Act of 1921

§ Altered the quota system to restrict immigration from eastern and central Europe

- 1925: Alien Land Law in Kansas

- 1929: Great Depression resulted in the first mass deportation of Mexicans

- 1939: Alien Land Law in Missouri

http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/mexico704/history/timeline.html

http://mailer.fsu.edu/~jmrichar/amh1000/fa02/prohibition.html

Immigration in U.S. History Edited by Carl Bankston & Danielle Hidalgo

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